نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

عنوان مقاله [English]

An explanation of examples and components of resilience in the 31st letter of Nahj al-Balagha

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Javad Nasr Isfahani: BA student in Elementary Education, Shahid Bahonar Farhangian Pardis of Isfahan (Farhangian University).

Fatemeh Nasr Isfahani: BA student in Elementary Education, Fatemeh Zahra S Farhangian Pardis, Isfahan (Farhangian University).

Iraj Ali Akbari*: PhD in philosophy of education, Lecturer at Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan).

Detailed Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this article was to explain the basic components of resilience in the 31st letter of Nahj al-Balagheh and to benefit from the educational recommendations of Hazrat Ali (AS) in order to improve resilience skills. Resilience is the ability to properly deal with stressful life events and use obstacles and problems in order to increase capabilities.

Materials and methods: This research is classified as library research and it was done in a descriptive-analytical way by referring to reliable books and sources and using the content analysis method.

Results and discussion: The components that this article has explained in the 31st letter of Nahj al-Balagheh are related to each other to a great extent and each one somehow strengthens the other; For example, "hope as a factor for the richness of life enables people to see themselves with a perspective beyond the current situation" (Mohammedzadeh and Jahandari, 2018: 200). In fact, hope, in addition to increasing resilience; It strengthens foresight as another mentioned component. Also, establishing favorable social relations and empathy with the people we are in contact with creates opportunities for people to express their feelings, by receiving and understanding the feelings and experiences of others, in dealing with similar problems or stressful cases. Use each other's positive experiences, and this issue leads to a reduction in the annoyance of unfortunate events and helps people look at life issues with a more optimistic attitude (Jahedi and Derakhshani, 2018). Therefore, not only the component of interaction and empathy strengthens the component of knowing and benefiting from the experiences of others; Both of these components strengthen the element of hope and having an optimistic attitude. In addition, the component of interaction and empathy is related to the component of spirituality and "in the school of Islam, a complete human being is with and empathetic to people, and being in the company of people and helping fellow human beings is a form of worship and brings people closer to God. It can be" (Seyd Mahrami and Ghaffari, 1401: 83). Another component that can be considered related to the spirituality component is having an internal source of control. are not alone. They believe that God is their friend and helper. This belief is not an external belief, but a belief through which the followers of religions solve their problems with the help and mediation of God. It may appear that this group of people has external orientation, but it is not so. They don't believe that God will solve their problems, but they believe that God's support and support gives them strength to reach their goals" (Koshki and Khalili Far, 2009: 38). Therefore, paying attention to each of these components is emphasized and can leave positive and constructive effects on other components as well.

An inseparable part of every human's life are the sufferings and obstacles that they face, and a person who has the ability to properly deal with crises and adverse conditions can better than other people the negative effects of crises and accidents. Reduce the unanticipated. Resilience is an internal capacity that makes people actively and effectively face the positive and negative events of life, take advantage of various obstacles and hardships in order to improve their capabilities. This inner capacity is considered an acquired characteristic and all people can try to develop and nurture it. The 31st letter of Nahj al-Balagheh contains the paternal advice of Imam Ali (a.s.), six of the most basic components of resilience include (spirituality, foresight and foresight, having a source of internal control, hope and optimism, interaction and empathy, knowing and using experiences) can be explained in its different parts and all readers, at any time and place, deserve to pay attention and reflect on its valuable guidelines. Spirituality is the way a person looks at himself and the world around him, which is considered an essential factor in increasing resilience, and it includes three main characteristics, including faith in the creator who sustains the world, prayer and faith in resurrection. Foresight is another component that is emphasized in the words of the Prophet by recognizing the hardships of the path of life and preparing the means of the hereafter. Having an internal source of control is another factor that is effective in increasing resilience, and it means that a person, in facing obstacles, instead of emphasizing unchangeable factors, relies on factors that are under his authority and control. Hope and optimism, as an invigorating element, makes a person to try and move and is necessary for the survival of life; In addition, interaction and empathy are important factors that affect people's mental health, and in this letter, it has been considered from the point of view of respecting the rights of friends and honoring relatives. Recognizing and using experiences is the last component mentioned in this article and it leads people to bear the events that happened in a more favorable way and by using the experiences of the predecessors mentioned in the 31st letter. It has also been emphasized by many, to get the correct solution to deal with obstacles. Also, in line with the relationship between the components, it seems that the above components are related to each other and each one affects the other in some way, and for this reason, it is suggested that each of these components in relation be considered with another. Spirituality, foresight and foresight, having a source of internal control, hope and optimism, interaction and empathy, knowing and taking advantage of experiences are the components that were explained in the 31st letter and examples related to They are extracted from different parts of the letter.

Conclusion: The general conclusion of the research showed that based on the findings, reflecting on the educational recommendations of Hazrat Ali (AS) in this letter and applying them, in increasing resilience skills and actualizing this inner capacity to face Obstacles and difficulties are influential.

Keywords: Endurance, Nahj al-Balagha, Imam Ali, components of endurance, 31st letter.