اثربخشی بازی درمانی به سبک آدلری بر جرات ورزی دانش آموزان مقطع ابتدایی شهرستان کازرون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مرضیه جعفری ¹
• ناصر امینی ²

¹ کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران

² استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بازی درمانی به سبک آدلری
• جرات ورزی
• دانش آموزان

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effectiveness of Adlerian style play therapy on assertiveness among elementary school students in Kazeron city

نویسندگان [English]

Marzia Jafari: MA in psychology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.

 Nasser Amini*: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boushehr, Iran

چکیده [English]

Detailed Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of Adlerian play therapy on the courage of elementary school students in Kazeroon city. Adlerian style play therapy can influence students' courage to some extent. Based on Adlerian play-therapy, the child's behavioral characteristics are clearly defined in his play. Many hypotheses can be confirmed by observing the child in the game. Adler believed that the child's way of thinking and behavior as well as his personality perceptions determine the child's interest in his future job (Kosmanen, 2017). Accordingly, an avid interest in playing with toy soldiers may be a prelude to a life in the military, or a precursor to success in running a department store. The information obtained from observing the child at play can be used in guiding and re-directing him in the early years. According to Adler, through play, information is obtained that is not only related to the child's current situation but also to his future. There is an important phenomenon in the life of a child that clearly shows the process of preparing him for the future; And that is the phenomenon of the game. The child's way of dealing with the game, his choice and the importance he gives to it, all determine his attitude and his relationship with the environment and how he depends on his fellows. In Adlerian play therapy, it is the therapist's duty to discover the child's lifestyle and his private logic, and by understanding the child's psychological framework, help him to consciously choose which part of his lifestyle is useful and which part is useful. It is better to chang. On the other hand, daring behavior that starts from childhood and continues throughout life can be affected by play therapy. Based on this, it is obvious that any effort regarding the creation and cultivation of important skills such as courageous behavior, either in the formal curriculum or in the extracurricular activities of the school, cannot be done without considering the development process of the students in different dimensions of development, especially that the critical years of social development of children and teenagers are comparable to the school years, both elementary and high school, therefore, since students spend these crucial years in school the school is obliged to provide suitable opportunities for the development of such skills, which include skills such as self-expression, effective communication, teamwork, etc., and with a detailed program Measured, documented and with a plan to improve students in different fields (Kokli, 2018). Boldness is an interpersonal behavior that includes honest and relatively frank expression of thoughts and feelings in a way that is socially appropriate and takes into account the feelings and comfort of others. Therefore, according to their theoretical approaches, therapists and researchers interested in this field have used various educational and therapeutic methods to correct and improve non-adventurous behaviors.

Materials and methods: The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included 1400 thousand elementary school students of Kazeroon city in the academic year of 2018-2019, and 30 people (15 people in the control group and 15 people in the experimental group) were selected through the purposeful sampling method. They were screened based on the criteria of entering and exiting the research, and then 15 people were assigned to the experimental group and 15 people to the control group through random replacement. The criteria for entering the research included: being between 8 and 11 years old and not having any other physical or psychological illness. Also, the criteria for leaving the research were not attending more than two consecutive meetings, requesting non-cooperation by the individual, and lack of motivation to do homework.

Results and discussion: In order to respond to the research hypothesis, bivariate covariance analysis was used, and the results showed that the average score of the variable of assertiveness in the subjects of the experimental group in the post-test stage was higher than that of the subjects in the control group. After proving the effect of the pre-test on the boldness of the subjects by the analysis of covariance method, F calculated for the test and control groups is 44.63 at the level (P<0001) significant, therefore, it can be said that the game Adlerian style therapy is evidenced by the boldness of the subjects in the experimental group compared to the group. According to the squared value of eta, it can be said that Adlerian play therapy explains 62.3% of the variance of courage of sixth grade elementary school students in Kazerun city.

Conclusion: Adlerian style play therapy is one of the suitable methods to increase students' boldness. According to Adler, through play, information is obtained that is not only related to the child's current situation but also to his future. There is an important phenomenon in the life of a child that clearly shows the process of preparing him for the future; And that is the phenomenon of the game. The child's way of dealing with the game, his choice and the importance he gives to it, all determine his attitude and his relationship with the environment and how he depends on his fellows. In Adlerian play therapy, it is the therapist's duty to discover the child's lifestyle and his private logic, and by understanding the child's psychological framework, help him to consciously choose which part of his lifestyle is useful and which is not. Part of it is better to change. On the other hand, one of the variables that is influenced by Adlerian play therapy is boldness. Boldness is an interpersonal behavior that includes honest and relatively frank expression of thoughts and feelings in a way that is socially appropriate and takes into account the feelings and comfort of others. Therefore, according to their theoretical approaches, therapists and researchers interested in this field have used various educational and therapeutic methods to correct and improve non-adventurous behaviors. Therefore, if you pay attention to play therapy, you can know the needs of students in the field of adventure and plan to provide and satisfy them as much as possible.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Keywords: Adlerian play therapy, courage, students.